DDUSD  ·  USD-Pegged Stablecoin  ·  Built on DDCP  ·  Deployed on Solana

The Better Money

Stable.  Private.  Unfreezable.  Open-source.

The first stablecoin on Solana with no issuer freeze key and amount privacy on by default. Prospective GENIUS Act Permitted Payment Stablecoin Issuer applicant with the OCC.

OCC Comment Letter Why we built this

Your keys, YOUR money.

Not as a promise. As a structural property of the protocol.

What makes it different

Properties no other stablecoin on Solana delivers

DDUSD is deployed on Solana using the Token-2022 Confidential Balances suite of Solana Token Extensions — the only production stablecoin on Solana enforcing amount and balance privacy by default for self-custody wallets.

01
No freeze key — an architectural fact
USDC and USDT maintain a protocol-level administrative key enabling the issuer to freeze any token account by database update — no court order required. DDUSD has no such key. The DDUSD mint initialization includes no Freeze Authority and no Freeze Account extension. The capability is absent by design and cannot be re-added post-initialization under Token-2022's architecture. This is not a policy commitment or a revoked authority — it is a structural absence.

Enforcement access remains fully available to law enforcement acting under valid judicial authority through Financial Intermediary layer coordination.
02
Amount and balance privacy via ZK ElGamal
Every USDC and USDT transfer publishes its amount publicly on-chain. DDUSD uses the Confidential Balances suite of Solana Token Extensions via the Token-2022 program: transfer amounts and account balances are hidden from on-chain observers using ZK ElGamal proofs verified natively by Solana. What you own and what you transact is not public information.

No issuer auditor decryption key is provisioned. Compliance runs through the Financial Intermediary boundary — not through protocol-level issuer decryption.
03
Full Solana DeFi composability
Self-custody wallets hold a confidential balance by default. Users who wish to interact with Solana DeFi — Orca, Kamino, Jupiter, MarginFi — move to a public balance through a deliberate unshielding step. This two-balance-state design preserves full DeFi composability without fragmenting liquidity.

Privacy applies in self-custody. DeFi interactions use the public balance — the same distinction as between physical cash and a bank account.
04
Open-source and publicly verifiable
The SPL token contract, Token-2022 Confidential Balances integration, and reserve architecture are published at github.com/ddcprotocol. The absence of a freeze key is verifiable in the source code — not a claim that requires trusting the issuer.

Proof-of-reserve attestation and outstanding issuance value are tracked on-chain. Every mint event is publicly visible and auditable regardless of recipient type.
Regulatory posture

GENIUS Act compliance without a centralized administrative key

DDUSD, LLC is a prospective Permitted Payment Stablecoin Issuer (PPSI) applicant under the GENIUS Act, intending to file with the OCC. The OCC comment record addresses the open interpretive question directly: whether the GENIUS Act's lawful order compliance requirement mandates a protocol-level administrative key, or whether compliance through co-signature authority and Financial Intermediary coordination is sufficient.

DDUSD, LLC possesses three compliance capabilities through co-signature authority and Financial Intermediary coordination: (1) refuse new issuance to a person identified by FI-layer KYC records as the subject of a lawful order; (2) refuse redemption of tokens presented by or on behalf of that person; and (3) execute a burn of tokens held in custodial relationships at FI-layer entities when presented by the FI acting under a lawful order. These three capabilities cover the GENIUS Act's full set of lawful order verbs for the custodial population.

EO 14178 is the primary argument that the statute does not require protocol-level override against self-custody wallets — a reading that would create the CBDC architecture the Executive Order was designed to prevent. This argument is unique to DDCP's OCC rulemaking record.

Public record

Filings, architecture, and source code

The most extensive public regulatory record for any no-freeze, privacy-preserving stablecoin project to date. All filings at github.com/ddcprotocol/working-papers.

OCC Comment  ·  Filed May 1, 2026  ·  OCC-2025-0372-0257 Comment on GENIUS Act PPSI Framework Argues compliance through co-signature authority and FI-layer coordination satisfies the GENIUS Act without a centralized administrative key. OCC Supplementary Comment  ·  Filed May 20, 2026  ·  OCC-2025-0372-0349 Supplementary Comment — ROAD Act, CLARITY Act, and Architectural Pluralism Addresses the ROAD Act and CLARITY Act frameworks and the architectural pluralism argument. Governing OCC record for all pre-application engagement. OCC Second Supplementary Comment  ·  Filed June 2026  ·  Docket pending confirmation Second Supplementary Comment — Reasonable Particularity Standard Argues that a blockchain address does not satisfy the reasonable particularity standard required to identify the subject of a lawful order under the GENIUS Act. Full Regulatory Record  ·  7 filings  ·  5 dockets Complete GENIUS Act Comment Record OCC (Docket OCC-2025-0372)  ·  Treasury (RIN 1505-AC90)  ·  FDIC (RIN 3064-AG19)  ·  FinCEN/OFAC (FINCEN-2026-0100)  ·  FinCEN (RIN 1506-AB72). Full index at github.com/ddcprotocol/working-papers. Technical Architecture DDCP Architecture Technical Overview No-freeze architecture as structural fact. Token-2022 Confidential Balances integration. Financial Intermediary compliance boundary. Solana deployment and Future Architecture Evolution. Manifesto Why we built DDUSD: the case against programmable financial control The foundational argument. The Canadian bank freeze. The design position on financial privacy, unconditionality, and value preservation. GitHub github.com/ddcprotocol Open-source protocol specification, SPL token contract, and regulatory filings. The freeze key absence is verifiable in the source code. Protocol DDCP — The Decentralized Digital Currency Protocol DDUSD is the first token deployment on DDCP. The protocol enables any operator to deploy a local-currency stablecoin with the same no-freeze, privacy-preserving architecture.